50 yr old male with Dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to alcohol

 CHEIF COMPLAINTS:

A 50 year old male who is a daily wage worker came to the OPD with the cheif complaints of bilateral swelling in lower limbs which has extended till abdomen since 2 months and shortness of breathe ,decreased urine output and abdominal distension for the past 15 days .


HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 3 years ago after which he visited a health care centre with complaints of diminished vision in his eyes where he was diagnosed with diabetes for which he is under medication with OHA's .patient does moderate work and gets adequate sleep daily .2 months ago one morning he noticed bilateral swelling in his feet which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive which he ignored and continued his routine for 5 days until he noticed the extension of swelling to his knees till the abdomen which did not subside after taking tablets for 10 days prescribed by doctor in Nakrekal .15 days ago he went to Nalgonda with same complaints of swelling now a/w decreased output and dribbling of urine for which he was catheterized with Foley's.He also complained of abdominal distension and SOB which is insidious in onset and gradually  progressed from grade 3 to grade 4 a/w orthopnoea and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea for which he was referred to this hospital.










PAST HISTORY: 

Patient was diagnosed as diabetic when he went for eye checkup for diminished vision in both eyes 4 years ago and is receiving medication- OHA's

Pes cavus on right foot.

FAMILY HISTORY:

No similar complaints 


PERSONAL HISTORY:

Appetite- normal

Diet- mixed

Bowel habits- regular

Bladder habits- oliguria

Sleep- adequate 

Addictions- chronic alcoholic consumes 180ml/day

Chronic smoker smokes 10 cigarettes/day

Allergies- no allergies


GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative

Pallor- no pallor 

Icterus- present 

Cyanosis- no cyanosis

Clubbing- no Clubbing 

Generalized lymphadenopathy- no Generalized lymphadenopathy 

Pedal edema- pitting edema in both the limbs extending till abdomen 


Vitals:

Temperature- afebrile

Pulse rate

Rate-86bpm

Rhythm- regular

Volume- normal

Character- normal

Radioradial delay- no radioradial delay

Respiratory rate- 20cpm

Blood pressure- 124/84 mm Hg in right arm in supine position 



SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION:

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

INSPECTION:

Chest shape and symmetry- elliptical and bikaterally symmetrical 

JVP : raised and prominent 



Precordial examination:

A keloid at the mid line of chest.



No visible pulsations and engorged veins

Apical impulse - seen in the 6th intercostal lateral to mid clavicular line


https://youtube.com/shorts/8YolHDVDcgs?feature=share

https://youtube.com/shorts/RU5FovcchVU?feature=share

PALPATION:

inspectory findings confirmed

No tenderness and local rise of Temperature 

Parasternal heaves- felt on left side 

No precordial bulge

Apex beat - felt in the 6th intercostal space 2 inches from midclavicular line.

Thrills - absent

No other pulsations felt

 No murmurs 

PERCUSSION:

Heart borders: extended dullness on percussion to the lateral side.

AUSCULTATION:

HEART SOUNDS: S1 and S2 heard 

S3 gallop is prominent in mitral area


RESPIRATORY SYSTEM :

Normal vesicular breathe sounds with thoracoabdominal type of breath movements. Bilateral air entry present


CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:

No focal neurological deficit

Higher motor functions normal


PER ABDOMEN: 

Abdomen : distended soft and non  tender 

Umbilicus: everted



Liver and spleen are not palpable.

Bowel sounds : heard



INVESTIGATIONS:

CHEST X RAY:


LIVER FUNCTION TEST:

Alkaline phosphatase- 210IU/L

Albumin- 3.0gm/dl











LIVER FUNCTION TEST:

Total Bilirubin: 2.2mg/dl
Direct Bilirubin: 1.10 mg/dl
SGOT: 36IU/L
SGPT: 89/L
ALKALINE PHOSPHATE: 315IU/L
TOTAL PROTEIN: ALBUMIN- 3.45 gm/dl






17.11.2021
RBS: 183mg/dl
Spot urine protein: 64mg/dl
Spot urine  creatinine: 73mg/dl
Spot urine protein: creatinine - 0.87

Hemoglobin: 11mg/dl
WBC: 8300cells/mm³
Platelets: 1.19 lakh cells / mm³
Neutrophils: 71%
Lymphocytes: 23%
Basophils: 0%
Eosinophils: 2%
Monocytes: 4%
Impression: normocytic hypochromic
CRP- 4.4mg/L
Serum creatinine: 1.3mg/dl

LFT:
Total Bilirubin: 2.1 mg/dl
Albumin: 3.5g/dl
Albumin: globulin- 1.36
ALT-38IU/L
AST-36IU/L
ALP-333IU/L

SERUM ELECTROLYTES:
Sodium- 135mEq/L
Potassium-4.6mEq/L
Calcium-9.16mEq/L

LIPID PROFILE:
Total cholesterol:107mg/dl
HDL:44mg/dl
TAG:95mg/dl
LDL:44mg/dl
Total cholesterol: HDL - 2.4
LDL:HDL- 1

COMPLETE URINE EXAMINATION:
Albumin: positive
Pus cells: 8-10
Epithelial cells:5-6


TSH: 4.5

18.11.2021

HEMOGRAM:
Hemoglobin:11.7g/dl
TLC: 8800cells/mm³
Neutrophils:70%
Lymphocytes :21%
Eosinophils:4%
Monocytes:5%
Basophils:0%
PCV: 35.4wt%
RDW CV: 15.6%
Total RBC count: 4.2 millions/mm³

COMPLETE URINE EXAMINATION:
Colour: reddish 
Appearance: cloudy
Reaction: acidic

Specific gravity: 1.010
Albumin: positive
Pus cells: 5-6
Epithelial cells- 2-4
Red blood cells- plenty

19.11.2021
Sodium- 134mEq/l
Potassium- 3.9 mEq/l
Chlorine: 98mEq/l


Serum creatinine: 0.9mg/dl

COMPLETE URINARY EXAMINATION:
Albumin: positive 
Pus cells: 6-10
Epithelial cells: 3-4
RBC - plenty
Bacteria- present 


20.11.2021
Serum electrolytes:
Sodium: 141mEq/l
Potassium: 3.6 mEq/l
Chlorine: 98mEq/l

HEMOGRAM:
HB: 12.2g/dl
TLC: 8300cells/mm³
Neutrophils :73%
Lymphocytes :17%
Eosinophils:2%
Monocytes:8%
Basophils:0%

PCV: 36 vol%
MCV: 82.8fl
MCH: 28pg
RDW-SD: 46.4fl
RBC count: 4.35million/mm³
Impression: Normocytic normochromic
Platelets: 1.6lakhs/mm³







Evidence of mild fluid collection noted in perihepatic, perisplenic inter-bowel spaces and in pelvis. 
Cardiomegaly with global hypokinesia
Evidence of bilateral pleural effusions noted.
2D ECHO:



https://youtu.be/9vUpLVxuYxI
https://youtu.be/MmuJHTU7fEM

Global akinetic , mild LUH(+) (102 cms)

Severe TR+ with PAH (60+20 = 80 mmHg)

Moderate MR+, mild AR+/PR+

Sclerotic AV  no AS/MS

EF= 30%

Severe LV dysfunction(+)

Diastolic dysfunction (+)

Minimal PE(+)

IVC size (1.7cms) dilated

All chambers dilated


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:

DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY SECONDARY TO HrfEF.


TREATMENT:

1.propped up Posture 

 2.Fluid restriction to <1.5Lt / day

 3.Inj Lasix 40mg/IV/BD

 4.Inj Human actrapid /SC (based on the grbs levels)  

 5.Inj thiamine 2amp in 100ml NS/IV/BD

 6.Tab Ecospirin AV 75/20mg PO/OD

 7.Strict Grbs monitoring 6th hourly 

 8.O2 inhalation (if spO2<92%) 

 9.Daily weight monitoring

10.I/O monitoring


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